Pre-pregnancy Wellness Biomarkers Explained

Female Biomarkers

Blood type & status

A snapshot of your blood type and the health of your red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

What is it?

ABO Group is the letter portion of your blood type. This is determined by specific proteins called antigens that are located on your red blood cells

Why is it important?

Knowing your blood type can help ensure you receive the correct type of blood should you ever need a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion may be recommended during pregnancy if you have severe anemia or heavy bleeding.

What is it?

A complete blood count (CBC) measures your white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. It also tells us about the characteristics of these cells, such as whether your red blood cells have enough iron.

Why is it important?

A CBC is a screening tool used to detect blood disorders such as anemia or clotting disorders. Knowing the levels of these cells before pregnancy can help you and your provider determine if you have any medical problems, such as anemia, clotting disorders, and certain blood cancers, that may negatively affect a pregnancy.

What is it?

Ferritin is a protein in your blood that contains iron. Ferritin measures the amount of iron in your blood. Ferritin is also a marker for inflammation in the body. Abnormal ferritin levels may indicate abnormal iron levels or high levels of inflammation in the body.

Why is it important?

Abnormal ferritin levels can negatively impact pregnancy outcomes and increase your risk of conditions such as gestational diabetes.

What is it?

The Rhesus (Rh) factor is the positive or negative portion of your blood type. This is determined by a specific protein called Rh(D) that is located on your red blood cells.

It is important to know your Rh status before pregnancy to ensure that you receive appropriate management should you have any bleeding during pregnancy.

Why is it important?

Immune Status

An overview of key immune function markers that could affect fertility & pregnancy, as well as STI screening

What is it?

An antibody is a specific protein produced in response to other proteins called antigens. This antibody screen looks specifically for antibodies against foreign red blood cell proteins.

It's important to know your red blood cell antibody status before pregnancy because some red blood cell antibodies can cause serious complications during pregnancy, such as fetal anemia.

Why is it important?

What is it?

The antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is used to help evaluate a person for autoimmune disorders. Antinuclear antibodies are a group of autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system. The ANA test detects these autoantibodies in the blood. However, a positive ANA test by itself does not diagnose any one particular disease. ANA testing may be followed by additional tests for specific autoantibodies.

Why is it important?

Autoimmune conditions can cause challenges with fertility and pregnancy, so it is important for these conditions be identified and managed properly with your provider before conceiving.

STI Screening

What is it?

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have chlamydia before you become pregnant so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated, chlamydia can cause a severe infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This infection can cause scar tissue to form in your pelvis and can increase your risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

What is it?

Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B can be sexually transmitted or spread through contact with blood from an infected person. This test can tell you if you currently have the Hepatitis B virus

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have Hepatitis B before pregnancy so that you and your healthcare provider can discuss ways to decrease the risk of your baby getting Hepatitis B.

What is it?

Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C is usually spread through contact with blood or sexual activity with an infected person

It's important to know if you have Hepatitis C so you can discuss treatment options with your healthcare provider andavoid spreading it to your partner and future baby

Why is it important?

What is it?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV can be transmitted sexually, through exposure to infected blood, or from a mother to her child during pregnancy, birth, or while breastfeeding.

It's important to know if you have HIV before pregnancy so that you can start treatment. Women who have HIV can pass this infection to their babies during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding if anti-HIV medication is not taken prior to and during pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have gonorrhea before you become pregnant so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated, gonorrhea can cause a severe infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This infection can cause scar tissue to form in your pelvis and can increase your risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

What is it?

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) is a screening test for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

It's important to know if you have syphilis before you become pregnant so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated, syphilis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature labor, and neonatal death.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

It's important to know if you have Trichomoniasis before you become pregnant so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated, trichomoniasis can cause a severe infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This infection can cause scar tissue to form in your pelvis and can increase your risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Rubella is a flu-like illness that is spread through the air from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. This test determines if you are immune to the rubella virus.

Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature birth. If you are not immune, being vaccinated before pregnancy can help protect you and your baby.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Varicella, also known as chicken pox, is an infection spread through contact with an infected person’s rash or through the air from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. This test determines if you are immune to the varicella virus.

Varicella infection during pregnancy can cause complications for the baby, such as birth defects, blindness, and seizures. If you are not immune, being vaccinated before pregnancy can help protect you and your baby.

Why is it important?

Hormone Status

A deep dive on key hormones that affect fertility & pregnancy, including sex hormones, stress hormones and a comprehensive thyroid function assessment

Reproductive Hormones

What is it?

Antimullerian hormone (AMH) is a hormone produced by the ovaries. AMH levels provide an estimation of the number of eggs a woman has remaining, also known as her ovarian reserve.

AMH levels have not been shown to correlate with natural fertility, so they are only relevant in the context of assisted fertility procedures. Knowing your AMH level can help your healthcare provider select an appropriate ovarian stimulation protocol if you decide to freeze your eggs or use in vitro fertilization (IVF) to become pregnant.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is a hormone produced by your adrenal glands, small glands located on top of your kidneys. DHEAS helps produce other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. A DHEAS test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

DHEAS indicates overall hormone production and may be used in the evaluation of PCOS and adrenal tumors, both of which can contribute to fertility challenges.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Estradiol (E2) is a type of estrogen produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat tissue. Estradiol levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, with levels lowest during your period and highest before ovulation. An E2 test measures how much estradiol is present in your blood.

Measuring your E2 level on days 2-4 of your period may provide important information when evaluating for ovarian function, menstrual cycles and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Testosterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries in women. Testosterone levels affect sex drive, bone and muscle mass, and blood cell production. Some testosterone is bound to other proteins in your blood and some testosterone is not bound to these proteins. Free testosterone measures the amount of unbound testosterone in your blood.

Free testosterone is an indicator of hormonal health and is one of several tests used to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Why is it important?

What is it?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. Follicle-stimulating hormone helps regulate your menstrual cycle and stimulates your eggs to grow. An FSH test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Knowing your FSH level can be helpful to assess ovarian function and its implications on fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. Luteinizing hormone helps regulate your menstrual cycle and tells your body when to ovulate. An LH test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Determining your LH level may provide important information when evaluating menstrual cycles and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. Prolactin causes the breasts to grow and produce milk during pregnancy and after birth. A prolactin test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Abnormal prolactin levels can cause irregular periods and infertility and may indicate the presence of a growth on the pituitary gland called a prolactinoma.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Why is it important?

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced by the liver. SHBG binds to sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, and determines how much of these hormones are delivered to the body's tissues.

A SHBG test may be used in the evaluation of women with irregular periods, PCOS, or infertility.

What is it?

Testosterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries in women. Testosterone levels affect sex drive, bone and muscle mass, and blood cell production. Total testosterone measures the total amount of testosterone in your blood.

Total testosterone is an indicator of hormonal health and one of several tests used to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Why is it important?

Stress Hormones

What is it?

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, small glands located on top of your kidneys. Cortisol functions to regulate your blood pressure, blood sugar, inflammation, and immune function. A cortisol test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Abnormal cortisol levels can negatively affect the production of progesterone, a hormone necessary for pregnancy.

Why is it important?

Thyroid Function

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A free T3 test measures the amount of triiodothyronine present in the blood that is not bound to protein.

Measuring free T3 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Women with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your triiodothyronine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking certain supplements or medications.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroxine (T4) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A free T4 test measures the amount of thyroxine present in the blood that is not bound to protein.

Measuring free T4 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Women with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your thyroxine level is abnormal before pregnancy, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to prevent these potential complications such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. A reverse T3 test measures the amount of inactive T3 present in your blood.

Measuring reverse T3 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Women with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your thyroxine level is abnormal before pregnancy, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to prevent these potential complications such as taking certain medications.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroglobulin is a protein made by the thyroid gland that is used to produce thyroid hormones. Thyroglobulin antibodies are cells that your body has created that attack this protein. The thyroglobulin antibody test can help determine if you have an autoimmune condition involving the thyroid, such as Hashimoto's or Graves' disease.

Autoimmune thyroid disorders have been associated with higher rates of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Knowing if you have an autoimmune condition prior to pregnancy will allow you to ensure that you're treated appropriately before pregnancy to reduce your risk of pregnancy complications.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are cells that your body has created that attack this enzyme. The TPO antibody test can help determine if you have an autoimmune condition involving the thyroid, such as Hashimoto's or Graves' disease. Autoimmune thyroid disorders have been associated with higher rates of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia.

Knowing if you have an autoimmune condition prior to pregnancy will allow you to ensure that you're treated appropriately before pregnancy to reduce your risk of pregnancy complications.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone produced in your brain that tells the thyroid gland (located in your neck) to make thyroid hormone. TSH can tell us whether your thyroid is producing enough thyroid hormone.

Women with an abnormal TSH level have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your TSH level is abnormal before pregnancy, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to prevent these potential complications such as taking thyroid medication

Why is it important?

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A total T3 test is used to measure the total amount of triiodothyronine (bound and unbound) in your blood.

Measuring triiodothyronine levels can help diagnose thyroid disorders missed by other screening tests. Women with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your triiodothyronine level is abnormal before pregnancy, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to prevent these potential complications such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroxine (T4) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A total T4 test is used to measure the total amount of thyroxine(bound and unbound) in your blood.

Measuring thyroxine levels can help diagnose thyroid disorders missed by other screening tests. Women with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia during pregnancy. If your thyroxine level is abnormal before pregnancy, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to prevent these potential complications such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

Metabolic Status

A comprehensive look at your metabolic function, including indicators of blood sugar management, cholesterol metabolism, liver function and inflammation

Liver Function

What is it?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the blood. An ALT test measures how much of this enzyme is present in your blood.

Liver function is a key component of overall health and especially hormonal health. ALT is used, along with other tests, in the evaluation of liver dysfunction or disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Albumin is a protein made by the liver. Albumin helps carry hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout your body. An albumin test measures how much of this protein is present in your blood.

An albumin test is often used to evaluate for liver or kidney disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, AST is released into the blood. An AST test measures how much of this enzyme is present in your blood.

Liver function is a key component of overall health and especially hormonal health. AST is used, along with other tests, in the evaluation of liver dysfunction or disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles and filtered by your kidneys. A creatinine test measures how much creatinine is present in your blood.

Creatinine tests may be used in the evaluation of kidney dysfunction or disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Bilirubin is a yellow pigment made from the breakdown of red blood cells. In individuals with normal liver function, bilirubin passes through your liver and is excreted from the body. A total bilirubin test measures how much bilirubin is present in your blood.

Bilirubin tests may be used in the evaluation of liver disease and anemia.

Why is it important?

Blood Sugar Management

What is it?

Glucose is a type of sugar you get from foods you eat and is used by your body for energy. A glucose test measures how much of this sugar is present in your blood. Glucose tests are one of several screening tests for diabetes.

Women with diabetes are more likely to have a baby with a birth defect, develop high blood pressure during pregnancy, and have a cesarean section. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes before pregnancy can help you to plan for a healthier pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Hemoglobin A1c is a screening test for pre-diabetes and diabetes. It measures the average amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood over the past 4-6 weeks.

Women with diabetes are more likely to have a baby with a birth defect, develop high blood pressure during pregnancy, and have a cesarean section. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes before pregnancy can help you to plan for a healthier pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Insulin is a hormone that regulates your blood sugar. The insulin test measures the level of this hormone in your blood. Insulin levels can provide information about your likelihood of developing diabetes.

Women with diabetes are more likely to have a baby with a birth defect, develop high blood pressure during pregnancy, and have a cesarean section. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes before pregnancy can help you to plan for a healthier pregnancy.

Why is it important?

Inflammatory Markers

What is it?

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein made by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation. The hs-CRP test measures general levels of inflammation in your body.

Inflammation may be caused by many conditions including infection and autoimmune diseases and has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including lower rates of conception, infertility, and increased rates of miscarriage.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Homocysteine is an important amino acid. Measuring your homocysteine levels can tell you information about folic acid and vitamin B12 levels..

Women with abnormal homocysteine levels are more likely to experience recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, or placental abruption. Knowing your homocysteine levels before pregnancy can allow you to make corrections to improve your future pregnancy.

Why is it important?

Cholesterol Metabolism

What is it?

A lipid panel measures the different types of cholesterol in your body and how they relate to one another.

Cholesterol levels naturally increase when you’re pregnant and therefore cannot be accurately evaluated during pregnancy. The best way to know what your cholesterol levels are is to measure them before pregnancy. Current studies show that there may be a link between abnormal cholesterol levels and a longer time to conception, an increased risk of preterm birth, and increased cholesterol levels in children.

Why is it important?

Nutrient Status

An evaluation of critical nutrients responsible for supporting optimal fertility and pregnancy

What is it?

Vitamin B9, also known as folate, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Folate is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system. Folate is found in two forms in the body: in the serum (the liquid portion of the blood) and within red blood cells.

Abnormal levels of folate in women before and during pregnancy has been associated with a higher risk of spina bifida and other central nervous system birth defects in their babies. All women should take a supplement with folate before trying to conceive and during pregnancy, but knowing your levels before pregnancy will let you know your starting point.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential fatty acids. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet. An omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid test measures the levels of these fatty acids in your blood.

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels influence how well your cells function and may play a role in inflammation and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system.

Abnormal levels of vitamin B12 in women before and during pregnancy has been associated with a higher risk of spina bifida and other central nervous system birth defects in their babies. Knowing your levels before pregnancy will let you know whether you need to take additional vitamins before trying to conceive.

Why is it important?

What is it?

This test measures the level of Vitamin D in your body. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the U.S.

Low vitamin D levels before pregnancy are associated with a lower rate of embryo implantation and a higher risk of preeclampsia. A low vitamin D level can easily be corrected but takes ~3 months to reach a normal level. Taking supplements to correct low vitamin D during the preconception period can help ensure that your vitamin D level is in the optimal range before you become pregnant.

Why is it important?

Male Biomarkers

Blood type & status

A snapshot of your blood type and the health of your red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

What is it?

ABO Group is the letter portion of your blood type. This is determined by specific proteins called antigens that are located on your red blood cells.

Why is it important?

Blood type is inherited from our parents, so knowing your blood type and your partner's blood type may be helpful in determining your baby's potential blood type.

What is it?

A complete blood count (CBC) measures your white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. It also tells us about the characteristics of these cells, such as whether your red blood cells have enough iron.

Why is it important?

A CBC is a screening tool used to detect blood disorders such as anemia or clotting disorders. Knowing the levels of these cells can help you and your provider determine if you have any medical problems that may negatively affect overall health

What is it?

Ferritin is a protein in your blood that contains iron. Ferritin measures the amount of iron in your blood. Ferritin is also a marker for inflammation in the body. Abnormal ferritin levels may indicate abnormal iron levels or high levels of inflammation in the body.

Why is it important?

Abnormal ferritin levels can negatively impact sperm and fertility.

What is it?

The Rhesus (Rh) factor is the positive or negative portion of your blood type. This is determined by a specific protein called Rh(D) that is located on your red blood cells.

A baby's Rh type is influenced by both the mother and the father. If mother and father are not both positive or negative, it can lead to Rh incompatibility. It's important to know this in advance should there be any bleeding during the pregnancy.

Why is it important?

Immune Status

An overview of key immune function markers that could affect fertility & pregnancy, as well as STI screening

What is it?

The antinuclear antibody (ANA) test is used to help evaluate a person for autoimmune disorders.

Why is it important?

Autoimmune conditions can cause challenges with fertility, so it is important for these conditions to be proactively identified and properly managed with your provider when planning to conceive.

STI Screening

What is it?

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have chlamydia so that you and your partner can be treated. If passed on to a female partner, it can increase their risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

What is it?

Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B can be sexually transmitted or spread through contact with blood from an infected person. This test can tell you if you currently have the Hepatitis B virus.

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have Hepatitis B so as to avoid spreading it to your partner and reduce the risk of your baby getting Hepatitis B.

What is it?

Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C is usually spread through contact with blood or sexual activity with an infected person.

It's important to know if you have Hepatitis C so you can discuss treatment options with your healthcare provider and avoid spreading it to your partner and future baby.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV can be transmitted sexually, through exposure to infected blood, or from a mother to her child during pregnancy, birth, or while breast feeding.

It's important to know if you have HIV so that you can receive treatment and your partner can get tested. Women who have HIV can pass this infection to their babies during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding if anti-HIV medication is not taken prior to and during pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Why is it important?

It's important to know if you have gonorrhea so that you and your partner can be treated. If passed on to a female partner, it can increase their risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

What is it?

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) is a screening test for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

It's important to know if you have syphilis before conception so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated, syphilis can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature labor, and neonatal death.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

It's important to know if you have Trichomoniasis so that you and your partner can be treated. If left untreated in women, trichomoniasis can cause a severe infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can increase her risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Rubella is a flu-like illness that is spread through the air from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. This test determines if you are immune to the rubella virus.

Infecting your partner with Rubella during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature birth. If you are not immune, being vaccinated before pregnancy can help protect your partner and baby.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Varicella, also known as chicken pox, is an infection spread through contact with an infected person’s rash or through the air from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. This test determines if you are immune to the varicella virus.

Infecting your partner with Varicella during pregnancy can cause your baby to have birth defects, blindness, and seizures. If you are not immune, being vaccinated before the pregnancy can help protect your partner and baby.

Why is it important?

Hormone Status

A deep dive on key hormones that affect overall health & fertility, including sex hormones, stress hormones and a comprehensive thyroid function assessment

What is it?

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, small glands located on top of your kidneys. Cortisol functions to regulate your blood pressure, blood sugar, inflammation, and immune function. A cortisol test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Why is it important?

Abnormal cortisol levels can negatively affect testosterone, a hormone necessary for sperm production.

Stress Hormones

Reproductive Hormones

What is it?

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is a hormone produced by your adrenal glands, small glands located on top of your kidneys. DHEAS helps produce other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. A DHEAS test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

DHEAS indicates overall hormone production and may be used in the evaluation of adrenal tumors, which can contribute to fertility challenges.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a hormone created from testosterone. The enzymes that produce DHT are present in the prostate gland, hair follicles and other tissues in the body. DHT is responsible for maintaining sex drive. DHT also helps to regulate semen volume and viscosity.

DHT is an indicator of hormonal health and may be used in the evaluation of hormonal conditions such as low libido and infertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Estradiol (E2) is a type of estrogen produced by the testes, adrenal glands, and fat tissue. An E2 test measures how much estradiol is present in your blood.

Estradiol is an indicator of hormonal health and may be used in the evaluation of men with infertility or symptoms of low testosterone levels.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. Follicle-stimulating hormone helps control the production of sperm. An FSH test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Knowing your FSH level can be helpful to assess hormone function and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Testosterone is a hormone produced by the testes in men. Testosterone levels affect sex drive, bone and muscle mass, blood cell production, and sperm production. Some testosterone is bound to other proteins in your blood and some testosterone is not bound to these proteins. Free testosterone measures the amount of unbound testosterone in your blood.

Free testosterone is an indicator of hormonal health and may be used in the evaluation of men with symptoms of low testosterone levels

Why is it important?

What is it?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a small gland located underneath the brain. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of testosterone and sperm. An LH test measures how much of this hormone is present in your blood.

Determining your LH level may provide important information when evaluating hormone function and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced by the liver. SHBG binds to sex hormones, such as testosterone, and determines how much of these hormones are delivered to the body's tissues.

An SHBG test is an indicator of hormonal health and may be used in the evaluation of men with symptoms of low testosterone levels.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Testosterone is a hormone produced by the testes in men. Testosterone levels affect sex drive, bone and muscle mass, blood cell production, and sperm production. Total testosterone measures the total amount of testosterone in your blood.

Total testosterone is an indicator of hormonal health and may be used in the evaluation of men with symptoms of low testosterone levels.

Why is it important?

Thyroid Function

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A free T3 test measures the amount of triiodothyronine present in the blood that is not bound to protein.

Measuring free T3 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Men with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility. If your triiodothyronine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroxine (T4) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A free T4 test measures the amount of thyroxine present in the blood that is not bound to protein.

Measuring free T4 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Men with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility. If your thyroxine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. A reverse T3 test measures the amount of inactive T3 present in your blood.

Measuring reverse T3 levels provides information on the function of your thyroid gland. Men with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility. If your triiodothyronine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking certain supplements or medications.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone produced in your brain that tells the thyroid gland (located in your neck) to make thyroid hormone. TSH can tell us whether your thyroid is producing enough thyroid hormone.

Abnormal thyroid hormone levels in men can lead to changes in testes function, including semen abnormalities. If your TSH level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to optimize your thyroid function, such as with thyroid medication, and minimize the potential impact to your overall health and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Triiodothyronine (T3) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A total T3 test is used to measure the total amount of triiodothyronine (bound and unbound) in your blood.

Measuring triiodothyronine levels can help diagnose thyroid disorders missed by other screening tests. Men with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility. If your triiodothyronine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Thyroxine (T4) is a type of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is present in the blood bound to protein or unbound. A total T4 test is used to measure the total amount of thyroxine(bound and unbound) in your blood.

Measuring thyroxine levels can help diagnose thyroid disorders missed by other screening tests. Men with thyroid problems have a higher risk of infertility. If your thyroxine level is abnormal, you can work with your healthcare provider to take steps to normalize thyroid levels, such as taking thyroid medication.

Why is it important?

Metabolic Status

A comprehensive look at your metabolic function, including indicators of blood sugar management, cholesterol metabolism, liver function and inflammation

What is it?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the blood. An ALT test measures how much of this enzyme is present in your blood.

Why is it important?

Liver function is a key component of overall health and especially hormonal health. ALT is used, along with other tests, in the evaluation of liver dysfunction or disease.

Liver Function

What is it?

Albumin is a protein made by the liver. Albumin helps carry hormones, vitamins, and enzymes throughout your body. An album in test measures how much of this protein is present in your blood.

An albumin test is often used to evaluate for liver or kidney disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver. When the liver is damaged, AST is released into the blood. An AST test measures how much of this enzyme is present in your blood.

Liver function is a key component of overall health and especially hormonal health. AST is used, along with other tests, in the evaluation of liver dysfunction or disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles and filtered by your kidneys. A creatinine test measures how much creatinine is present in your blood.

Creatinine tests may be used in the evaluation of kidney dysfunction or disease.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Bilirubin is a yellow pigment made from the breakdown of red blood cells. In individuals with normal liver function, bilirubin passes through your liver and is excreted from the body. A total bilirubin test measures how much bilirubin is present in your blood.

Bilirubin tests may be used in the evaluation of liver disease and anemia.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Glucose is a type of sugar you get from foods you eat and is used by your body for energy. A glucose test measures how much of this sugar is present in your blood. Glucose tests are one of several screening tests for diabetes.

Diabetes negatively affects male fertility. Diabetes can also impact the health of your future children; the children of parents with diabetes are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes can help you to make positive diet and lifestyle changes to improve your health and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Hemoglobin A1c is a screening test for pre-diabetes and diabetes. It measures the average amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood over the past 4-6 weeks.

Diabetes negatively affects male fertility. Diabetes can also impact the health of your future children; the children of parents with diabetes are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes can help you to make positive diet and lifestyle changes to improve your health and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Insulin is a hormone that regulates your blood sugar. The insulin test measures the level of this hormone in your blood. Insulin levels can provide information about your likelihood of developing diabetes.

Diabetes negatively affects male fertility. Diabetes can also impact the health of your future children; the children of parents with diabetes are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Knowing if you're at risk of diabetes can help you to make positive diet and lifestyle changes to improve your health and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein made by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation. The hs-CRP test measures general levels of inflammation in your body.

Inflammation may be caused by many conditions including infection, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndrome. These conditions have been associated with male infertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Homocysteine is an important amino acid. Measuring your homocysteine levels can tell you information about folic acid and vitamin B12 levels.

Abnormal homocysteine levels in men can affect sperm quality and sperm DNA methylation, which may cause epigenetic modifications that result in fetal neural tube defects. Knowing your homocysteine levels before planning a pregnancy can allow you to make corrections through diet and supplementation.

Why is it important?

What is it?

A lipid panel measures the different types of cholesterol in your body and how they relate to one another.

Current studies show that there may be a link between elevated cholesterol levels and infertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Vitamin B9, also known as folate, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Folate is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system. Folate is found in two forms in the body: in the serum (the liquid portion of the blood) and within red blood cells.

Abnormal serum folate levels in men are associated with sperm abnormalities, which may lead to miscarriage or birth defects. Knowing your levels before planning a pregnancy will let you know if you're getting enough of this vitamin so you can adjust your diet or supplements as needed.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential fatty acids. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet. An omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid test measures the levels of these fatty acids in your blood.

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels influence how well your cells function and may play a role in inflammation and fertility.

Why is it important?

What is it?

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system. In men, vitamin B12 is also needed to produce healthy sperm.

Knowing your levels before planning a pregnancy will let you know if you're getting enough of this vitamin so you can adjust your diet or supplements as needed.

Why is it important?

Blood Sugar Management

Inflammatory Markers

Cholesterol Metabolism

Nutrient Status

An evaluation of critical nutrients responsible for supporting optimal fertility and pregnancy

What is it?

This test measures the level of Vitamin D in your body. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the U.S

Low vitamin D levels in men may be associated with a higher rate of infertility due to sperm abnormalities.

Why is it important?

Pre-pregnancy Wellness Biomarkers Explained

What is it?

Why is it important?

ABO Group is the letter portion of your blood type. This is determined by specific proteins called antigens that are located on your red blood cells

Knowing your blood type can help ensure you receive the correct type of blood should you ever need a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion may be recommended during pregnancy if you have severe anemia or heavy bleeding.

What is it?

Why is it important?

A complete blood count (CBC) measures your white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. It also tells us about the characteristics of these cells, such as whether your red blood cells have enough iron.

A CBC is a screening tool used to detect blood disorders such as anemia or clotting disorders. Knowing the levels of these cells before pregnancy can help you and your provider determine if you have any medical problems, such as anemia, clotting disorders, and certain blood cancers, that may negatively affect a pregnancy.

Hormone Status

A deep dive on key hormones that affect fertility & pregnancy, including sex hormones, stress hormones and a comprehensive thyroid function assessment

Reproductive Hormones

Stress Hormones

Thyroid Function

Liver Function

Blood Sugar Management

Inflammatory Markers

Cholesterol Metabolism

Nutrient Status

An evaluation of critical nutrients responsible for supporting optimal fertility and pregnancy

Metabolic Status

A comprehensive look at your metabolic function, including indicators of blood sugar management, cholesterol metabolism, liver function and inflammation

What is it?

Why is it important?

What is it?

Why is it important?

What is it?

Why is it important?

Vitamin B9, also known as folate, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Folate is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system. Folate is found in two forms in the body: in the serum (the liquid portion of the blood) and within red blood cells.

Abnormal levels of folate in women before and during pregnancy has been associated with a higher risk of spina bifida and other central nervous system birth defects in their babies. All women should take a supplement with folate before trying to conceive and during pregnancy, but knowing your levels before pregnancy will let you know your starting point.

Omega-3 and omega-6 are essential fatty acids. These fatty acids must be obtained through the diet. An omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid test measures the levels of these fatty acids in your blood.

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels influence how well your cells function and may play a role in inflammation and fertility.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential vitamin found in certain foods. Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system.

Abnormal levels of vitamin B12 in women before and during pregnancy has been associated with a higher risk of spina bifida and other central nervous system birth defects in their babies. Knowing your levels before pregnancy will let you know whether you need to take additional vitamins before trying to conceive.